Humphreys’ data collection in the Tearoom Trade study exemplifies a violation of which ethical principle?

The correct answer focuses on the principle of Respect for Persons, which encompasses the significance of obtaining informed consent from research participants. In Humphreys' Tearoom Trade study, the researcher observed men engaging in sexual acts in public bathrooms without their knowledge or consent. This lack of disclosure and failure to obtain permission to observe their behavior represents a profound violation of this ethical principle.

Respect for Persons emphasizes the importance of recognizing the autonomy of individuals and ensuring that they are treated as capable of making informed decisions regarding their participation in research. By conducting the study covertly and not allowing these individuals to consent to being observed, Humphreys undermined the ethical obligation to honor participants' dignity and autonomy.

The other principles—Justice and Beneficence—focus on fairness in distribution of research benefits and minimizing harm to participants, respectively. While these principles are also critical in research ethics, Humphrey's study is primarily criticized for neglecting the requirement for informed consent, which is a core aspect of Respect for Persons.