Which principle emphasizes minimizing harm and maximizing benefits in research?

The principle that emphasizes minimizing harm and maximizing benefits in research is beneficence. Beneficence is a fundamental ethical principle in research that requires researchers to consider the welfare of their participants and strive to promote positive outcomes while avoiding any potential harm. This principle guides researchers to design studies that not only respect participants but also enhance their well-being and contribute positively to knowledge and society.

In the context of research ethics, beneficence involves weighing potential benefits against risks and implementing strategies to protect participants from harm. It's a proactive principle that encourages the pursuit of research that has the potential for significant benefits while ensuring that the risks are minimized as much as possible.

This principle is vital in the development of ethical guidelines and institutional review board processes, as it directly relates to the ethical obligation researchers have to ensure the safety and well-being of their participants throughout the study.