Which principle of the Belmont Report ensures fair outcomes in the selection of research subjects?

The principle that ensures fair outcomes in the selection of research subjects is Justice. This principle emphasizes the importance of fairness and equity in the distribution of both the benefits and burdens of research. It mandates that participants should be selected in a way that does not exploit vulnerable populations and that all groups benefit from the research without discrimination.

Justice requires researchers to ensure that no particular group is unfairly targeted or excluded from participation based on their socio-economic status, race, gender, or other characteristics. It aims to prevent situations where some groups bear the risks of research without a commensurate opportunity to benefit from it, thus promoting fairness in the research process.

The other options reflect important ethical considerations but do not specifically address the fairness in the selection of research subjects like Justice does. Respect for persons focuses on acknowledging individual autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy, while Beneficence is concerned with maximizing benefits and minimizing harm. Integrity, while essential for ethical research practices, is more about honesty and transparency in conducting research rather than about the equitable selection of participants.