Which study does NOT meet the definition of research with human subjects?

The correct choice, which identifies a study that does not meet the definition of research with human subjects, is based on the fact that the analysis of public educational data does not involve direct interactions with individuals or collecting private data about them. Research with human subjects typically requires obtaining data through direct interaction with individuals or through the collection of identifiable private information. In the case of public educational data, this information is aggregated and does not contain identifiable information about individual students, thereby exempting it from the ethical considerations associated with human subjects research.

On the other hand, the other scenarios described involve direct interaction with individuals, which qualifies them as research involving human subjects. For example, face-to-face interviews in a behavioral study collect data directly from individuals, psychological interventions involve experimenting on subjects to assess psychological impacts, and observational research in a school setting typically entails interacting with students or observing their behaviors directly. All these scenarios involve human subjects in a way that requires adherence to ethical standards for research involving people.